'pfc power supplies'

UPS ( Uninterrupted Power Supplies) An uninterruptible power supply or uninterruptible power source (UPS) is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails. A UPS differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions, by supplying energy stored in batteries, supercapacitors, or flywheels. The on-battery run-time of most uninterruptible power sources is relatively short (only a few minutes) but sufficient to start a standby power source or properly shut down the protected equipment. It is a type of continual power system. Features of UPS Systems: Line Interactive Range in 600VA and 2000VA with minimal battery backup. We have an online range of UPSs in 1,2 and 3 kVA category both with an internal battery backup of 10 minutes and with a longer battery backup of up to 4 hours. We offer a mini range of UPSs of capacities 6,10 and 20 kVA with options of internal isolation transformers both in single-phase and three-phase options. We have an ITA series of Hitech UPS systems in the range of 6 to 40 kVA. Hiplulse U series of UPS range with internal isolation transformers essentially meant for industrial applications.

Powerstack batteries, typically used in UPS systems, inverters, and other energy storage applications, require proper testing and maintenance to ensure their efficiency, longevity, and reliability. If you need to perform battery testing on a Powerstack battery, here's a general guide for testing and monitoring its condition: Steps to Test Powerstack Batteries: 1. Visual Inspection Check for Physical Damage: Inspect the battery casing for any cracks, leaks, or bulges. Damaged batteries should be replaced. Clean the Terminals: Ensure the terminals are clean and free from corrosion. If there is any corrosion, clean the terminals with a mixture of baking soda and water. 2. Check Battery Voltage Measure the Open-Circuit Voltage (OCV): Use a digital voltmeter to measure the voltage across the battery terminals when it is not connected to any load. Compare the measured voltage to the battery’s rated voltage. A typical fully charged 12V lead-acid battery should read around 12.6 to 12.8 volts. For a 24V battery, you should see a voltage of around 25.2 to 26.0 volts. Undercharged Battery: If the voltage is significantly lower (e.g., 10.5V or less for a 12V battery), it may indicate that the battery is undercharged or faulty. 3. Load Testing Test under Load: Apply a load to the battery, simulating its normal working conditions. The load can be an inverter or UPS system that draws power from the battery. Monitor the voltage drop under load. The voltage should not drop drastically; otherwise, it may indicate that the battery is aging or weak. DC Discharge Test: If you have access to a battery analyzer or tester, you can perform a discharge test by applying a constant load and measuring the time it takes for the battery to reach a certain voltage cutoff. 4. Battery Charge Test Charge the Battery Fully: Use the manufacturer’s recommended charger to fully charge the battery. Most Powerstack systems will charge to full capacity in 6-12 hours, depending on the charger and battery size. Monitor Charging Parameters: If the battery doesn’t charge properly or takes longer than usual, it might indicate problems with the battery or the charger. End of Charge Voltage: For lead-acid batteries, the end-of-charge voltage should be around 14.4 to 15.0 volts for a 12V battery and 28.8 to 30.0 volts for a 24V battery. 5. Conduct a Specific Gravity Test (for Lead-Acid Batteries) Hydrometer Test: If your Powerstack battery is a lead-acid type, you can measure the specific gravity of the electrolyte inside the battery using a hydrometer. A fully charged battery will have a specific gravity of around 1.265 – 1.280. If the reading is low, it may indicate that one or more cells are faulty. 6. Perform a Battery Health Check (Advanced) Use a Battery Tester: There are advanced battery testers that can measure the internal resistance, capacity, and health of the battery. These testers usually simulate various load conditions and measure how well the battery performs. Internal Resistance: A higher internal resistance indicates aging and reduced capacity. A proper battery tester will show you this resistance reading, which helps in assessing the battery's remaining life. 7. Monitor for Temperature Batteries can heat up during charging and discharging. Check for unusual temperature rises that may indicate internal problems. Excessive heat can degrade battery life and may signal an issue with the battery or the charging system. Signs of a Failing Battery: Rapid Voltage Drop: If the voltage quickly drops under load, the battery is likely deteriorating. Short Runtime: If the battery runs out of charge much faster than expected, it could mean it's near the end of its life. Inconsistent Voltage Readings: Large fluctuations in voltage readings, especially when under load, can indicate a failing battery. Physical Damage: Swelling, leaks, or any visible damage to the battery indicates that it needs to be replaced. Battery Maintenance Tips: Regular Charging: Avoid deep discharges and always keep the battery charged. Environmental Conditions: Keep the battery in a cool, dry place to avoid overheating or damage due to extreme temperatures. Periodic Tests: Test the battery every 3-6 months to assess its health and ensure it’s functioning properly. Use the Right Charger: Always use the manufacturer's recommended charger to prevent overcharging or undercharging. Conclusion: Battery testing is critical for ensuring that your Powerstack battery continues to perform optimally. Regular testing helps in identifying potential problems early and maintaining the battery’s health. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and consult with a professional if you're unsure about the testing process.

The Amaron Quanta 12V 18Ah is a type of sealed lead-acid (SLA) battery, commonly used for backup power applications, such as in UPS systems, inverters, and other critical power supply systems. Here's a detailed breakdown of its specifications and features: 1. General Overview Brand: Amaron Quanta Battery Type: Sealed Lead-Acid (SLA) Battery Voltage: 12 Volts (V) Capacity: 18 Ampere-Hours (Ah) 2. Key Features Longer Battery Life: Amaron Quanta batteries are designed for long-lasting performance and high reliability. They typically offer a good lifespan, especially in applications with a low depth of discharge (DOD). Maintenance-Free: The battery is sealed, so it doesn’t require regular maintenance (e.g., adding water). Vibration Resistance: These batteries are designed to withstand vibrations, making them ideal for use in environments like telecoms, solar power, and UPS systems. Wide Operating Temperature: They can operate in a wide range of temperatures, typically from 0°C to 40°C, making them versatile for use in different climates. 3. Technical Specifications Voltage: 12V (Nominal) Capacity: 18Ah (Ampere-Hours) Dimensions: Length: 181 mm Width: 77 mm Height: 167 mm Weight: Around 5.2 to 5.5 kg (varies slightly based on exact model) Charge Voltage: 14.4V to 15.0V (during charging) Discharge Voltage: Typically 10.5V to 11.0V for complete discharge Self-discharge: Less than 3% per month at 25°C 4. Applications UPS Systems: The 12V 18Ah battery is widely used in smaller uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for providing backup power to sensitive electronics. Inverters: It can also be used in small-scale inverters to provide backup power to homes or offices. Telecommunications: In telecom applications, these batteries can be used for backup power to critical network equipment. Solar Energy Storage: Sometimes used in small-scale solar energy systems for storing energy for use during off-sunlight hours. 5. Battery Design Features Valve Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA): The Amaron Quanta battery uses VRLA technology, which means the battery is sealed and uses a valve to release gas in case of overpressure. Deep Cycle: Designed for regular deep discharge cycles, making it suitable for power backup applications where batteries frequently discharge. Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM): Some models use AGM technology, where the electrolyte is absorbed in a fiberglass mat, allowing the battery to be spill-proof and leak-proof. 6. Charge/Discharge Characteristics Charging: Amaron Quanta batteries typically use a constant voltage charge, with a float charge voltage of around 13.5V to 13.8V. Discharge: The battery can typically discharge down to around 10.5V under load, but frequent deep discharges can reduce the battery's overall lifespan. 7. Advantages Longer Service Life: Typically offers a long life when maintained and used properly, making it a cost-effective option for long-term use. Reliable Performance: Known for reliability in maintaining charge over time, especially in demanding environments. Environmentally Friendly: Sealed and maintenance-free design minimizes risks associated with acid leakage and spills. 8. Maintenance Maintenance-Free Design: As mentioned, the battery is sealed, so it doesn't require regular maintenance like adding distilled water. However, regular inspection for corrosion on terminals and proper charge maintenance is recommended. Charging Recommendations: Always charge the battery in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Overcharging or undercharging can significantly reduce the battery’s lifespan. 9. Warranty Amaron Quanta batteries often come with a warranty that covers defects in material or workmanship, which typically lasts for 1 to 2 years depending on the seller and country-specific terms. 10. Compatibility Compatible Devices: The Amaron Quanta 12V 18Ah battery is commonly used in small UPS systems, solar power applications, and other critical systems where consistent backup power is required. Charging Systems: Can be used with most standard 12V chargers designed for SLA or AGM batteries. Conclusion The Amaron Quanta 12V 18Ah battery is an ideal solution for users looking for a reliable, low-maintenance, and efficient power backup option in smaller systems. It is widely used in UPS systems, inverters, and telecommunications applications where it can provide critical backup power when needed.

Battery replacement is a common maintenance task for various types of power systems, including solar systems, electric vehicles (EVs), UPS (uninterruptible power supplies), and other battery-powered devices. The process and requirements can vary depending on the type of battery used. Below, I'll provide an overview of common types of batteries and the replacement process for each. Types of Batteries and Their Replacement Process 1. Lead-Acid Batteries Common Types: Flooded Lead-Acid (FLA): Requires regular maintenance, such as adding distilled water to the cells. Sealed Lead-Acid (SLA): Maintenance-free and does not require water addition. Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM): A type of SLA battery where the electrolyte is absorbed in glass mats. Gel Lead-Acid Batteries: These use a gel electrolyte instead of liquid and are often used in deep-cycle applications. Replacement Process: Turn off the system: Ensure the system is powered off, and disconnect it from the grid or load. Safety precautions: Wear protective gear, including gloves and goggles, since lead-acid batteries contain sulfuric acid and produce flammable gases. Disconnect terminals: Always disconnect the negative terminal first, followed by the positive terminal. Remove old batteries: Lift and remove the batteries carefully, especially if they're heavy. Clean battery terminals: Inspect and clean the terminals, and remove any corrosion using a mixture of baking soda and water. Install new batteries: Place the new battery in the same configuration as the old one, then reconnect the positive terminal first, followed by the negative terminal. Check the system: Power on the system and check the voltage and charging status. Maintenance Tips: Regularly check the electrolyte levels in flooded batteries. Clean terminals and ensure the battery box or tray is secure. 2. Lithium-Ion Batteries Common Types: Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4): Common in solar systems and EVs due to its high efficiency and long lifespan. Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC): Found in high-power applications such as EVs and power tools. Lithium Manganese (LiMn2O4): Often used in EVs, power tools, and other high-power applications. Lithium Polymer (LiPo): Typically used in small devices like drones, power banks, and mobile phones. Replacement Process: Turn off the system: Disconnect the power source or system. Safety precautions: Lithium-ion batteries are generally safe but should be handled carefully to avoid overheating, short-circuiting, or damage. Disconnect terminals: Start by disconnecting the negative terminal followed by the positive terminal. Remove the old battery: Lithium-ion batteries are typically lighter and easier to replace than lead-acid batteries. Install the new battery: Place the new battery in the same orientation and secure it. Reconnect terminals: Attach the positive terminal first, followed by the negative terminal. Check the system: Power on the system, and monitor the battery's charging and discharging to ensure it's working properly. Maintenance Tips: Lithium-ion batteries require minimal maintenance, but always ensure they are charged within the recommended voltage range. Battery Management System (BMS) should be monitored to ensure proper functioning and safety. Conclusion: Battery replacement depends on the type of battery and the application. For solar systems, lead-acid, and lithium-ion are the most common, each requiring specific attention during installation. Lead-acid batteries need regular maintenance, especially flooded types. Lithium-ion batteries are easier to replace and have a longer lifespan with minimal maintenance. Always follow safety guidelines when handling batteries, especially lead-acid or lithium-ion, and ensure proper recycling and disposal of old batteries to avoid environmental hazards.

Emerson 3-Phase UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) systems are high-quality, reliable power backup solutions typically used in industrial, commercial, and critical infrastructure applications. These systems are designed to provide uninterrupted power to sensitive equipment, preventing downtime due to power interruptions, voltage fluctuations, or other electrical issues. Key Features of Emerson 3-Phase UPS: Power Capacity: 3-Phase UPS systems come in a wide range of power capacities, generally from 10 kVA to 800 kVA or even higher, depending on the model. Suitable for medium to large-scale facilities like data centers, hospitals, manufacturing plants, and office buildings. Technology: Double Conversion Online Technology: Emerson’s 3-phase UPS systems typically use online double conversion technology, meaning that the inverter constantly supplies clean, regulated power to the load while the battery is charging. Efficiency: High-efficiency models (up to 96% or more) reduce energy consumption and operating costs. Battery Management: Integrated advanced battery management for monitoring health, charge, and backup times. High Availability: Designed to provide reliable power for mission-critical applications. Hot Swappable Batteries: In some models, batteries can be replaced without shutting down the UPS, ensuring uninterrupted power supply. Scalability: Many models allow for modular expansion, meaning you can add additional capacity as needed. Input/Output Voltage: Input Voltage: Common input voltages are 380V, 400V, and 415V (3-phase). Output Voltage: Typically 208V, 220V, 230V, or 400V for 3-phase systems, depending on the regional power grid standards. Power Factor: Emerson UPS systems usually have a high power factor of 0.9 or higher, improving efficiency. Advanced Features: LCD/LED Display: Provides real-time data on UPS status, battery health, load levels, and alarms for easy monitoring. Remote Monitoring: Allows remote access for monitoring via web or SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) for real-time alerts and diagnostics. Bypass Capability: If maintenance is required or the UPS is malfunctioning, the system can transfer to bypass mode to avoid downtime. Design and Durability: Compact Design: Many models are designed to be space-efficient without compromising on power or cooling needs. Rack-Mountable or Tower Formats: Depending on the installation space, Emerson offers both tower-style and rack-mounted designs. Thermal Management: These UPS systems typically include advanced cooling systems to maintain efficient operation and prevent overheating. Applications: Data Centers: Ensures uptime for servers and networking equipment. Industrial Equipment: Protects critical machinery and automated systems from power failures. Telecommunications: Keeps communication systems running without interruption. Hospitals: Supports life-saving equipment and systems that require constant power. Commercial Buildings: Ensures backup power for office systems and equipment. Maintenance and Service: Smart Battery Testing: Advanced systems monitor the health of batteries and alert users when maintenance or replacement is required. Serviceable Parts: Emerson provides comprehensive support and service contracts to ensure your UPS remains in optimal condition. Proactive Monitoring: With remote monitoring and diagnostic tools, faults can be detected before they impact operations. Popular Models: Emerson (now part of Vertiv) offers various UPS models under different series, such as: Vertiv Liebert® ITA2: A high-efficiency 3-phase UPS solution for small to medium-sized applications. Vertiv Liebert® EXL S1: A modular UPS system that offers scalability and high availability. Vertiv Liebert® NXL: A large capacity 3-phase UPS designed for data centers and industrial applications. Advantages of Emerson 3-Phase UPS: High Reliability: Ensures critical equipment remains powered during power failures or fluctuations. Advanced Technology: Features like online double conversion, modular design, and remote monitoring provide superior performance and flexibility. Energy Efficiency: Many Emerson UPS systems are highly efficient, reducing operating costs and environmental impact. Scalability: As your power requirements grow, Emerson's modular systems can easily expand to meet increased demand. Conclusion: Emerson 3-Phase UPS systems are excellent solutions for businesses and facilities that require high uptime and reliability. With their advanced features, efficient energy use, and robust design, they provide essential power protection for critical infrastructure. Whether you're in need of a UPS for a small office or a large data center, Emerson offers scalable and reliable power backup systems that ensure uninterrupted operation.

The Vertiv Liebert Powerbank 600 is a modular and scalable uninterruptible power supply (UPS) solution designed for critical applications, particularly in data centers and telecommunications. It provides reliable power protection and is known for its flexibility and efficiency. Key Specifications Model: Liebert Powerbank 600 Capacity: 600 kVA Input Voltage: Typically supports 380/400/415 V three-phase systems Output Voltage: Configurable based on system requirements Form Factor: Modular design for easy scalability Efficiency: High efficiency, often exceeding 95% in double conversion mode Features Modular Design: Allows for easy expansion and maintenance, enabling users to add or replace modules as needed. High Availability: Designed for redundancy and reliability, ensuring continuous power supply to critical loads. Advanced Monitoring: Equipped with a user-friendly interface and remote monitoring capabilities for real-time performance tracking. Flexible Configuration: Supports various configurations to meet specific power requirements and environmental conditions. Battery Management: Intelligent battery management features to optimize battery life and performance. Scalability: Can be configured for parallel operation to increase capacity and redundancy. Compact Footprint: Designed to maximize power density in limited spaces, making it suitable for various installation environments. Applications Data Centers: Provides robust power protection for critical IT infrastructure. Telecommunications: Ensures uptime for communication systems. Industrial Applications: Safeguards sensitive equipment in manufacturing and processing environments. Performance Metrics Input Frequency: Typically supports 50/60 Hz Output Power Factor: Generally rated at 0.9, allowing for efficient power delivery. Operating Temperature: Designed to operate in a range of 0 to 40 degrees Celsius. Conclusion The Vertiv Liebert Powerbank 600 is a reliable and efficient UPS solution for businesses that require uninterrupted power supply for their critical applications. Its modular design, advanced features, and scalability make it suitable for a wide range of environments, ensuring that essential systems remain operational during power disturbances. For specific model details and configurations, it is advisable to consult the official Vertiv documentation or a local distributor.

Vertiv offers several models of 10kVA Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) designed for critical power applications. Here’s a comprehensive overview of the key models and their features: Key Models: 1. Vertiv Liebert GXT5 UPS: Power Rating: 10kVA / 10kW Input/Output Voltage: 230V in / 230V out, single-phase Technology: Online double conversion for continuous power conditioning Power Factor: Unity power factor (1.0) for efficient load management Form Factor: Tower/rack mount Features: Remote Monitoring: Built-in Vertiv RDU101 communications card for remote monitoring and management Software Integration: Compatible with Vertiv Power Insight software for consolidated monitoring of up to 100 UPS units Scalable Runtime: Options for external battery cabinets to extend runtime during outages Display: Intuitive gravity sensing full-color LCD display for easy status monitoring Energy Efficiency: ENERGY STAR 2.0 certified for reduced energy consumption Applications: Data Centers: Protects critical IT infrastructure from power disturbances Healthcare: Ensures reliable power for medical equipment Telecommunications: Supports network reliability during outages Industrial: Safeguards machinery and sensitive equipment Technical Specifications: Input Connection Types: IEC 320 EN 60320 C13, IEC 60320 C19 Output Connection Types: 4 x IEC 60320 C19 Operating Environment: Designed for both centralized and edge computing applications Advantages: High Efficiency: Reduces operational costs with high power efficiency Robust Protection: Protects against all types of power disturbances, extending battery life Flexible Deployment: Suitable for various installation environments, including rack and tower configurations Vertiv\'s 10kVA UPS solutions are engineered to provide reliable power protection and management for critical applications, ensuring operational continuity during power interruptions.

APC offers a range of UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) systems, with the Smart-UPS series being particularly popular for providing reliable power protection. Here are some key specifications and details about the APC Smart-UPS models: General Specifications: Types: Line Interactive and On-Line models - Input Voltage: Typically 120V or 230V depending on the model Output Voltage: Pure sine wave output for compatibility with sensitive equipment Form Factor: Available in tower and rack-mount configurations Key Models: 1. APC Smart-UPS C Series: Ideal For: Small and medium businesses Features: Pure sine wave output LCD status display for real-time monitoring Multiple status indicators with load and battery bar graphs Configurable for tower or rack installation Models: SMC1000: 1000VA/670W SMC1500: 1500VA/1000W 2. APC Smart-UPS SMT Series: Features: Multi-function LCD screen DB-9, RS-232, Smart-Slot, and USB interface ports Extended runtime options with additional battery packs Models: SMT750: 750VA/500W SMT1000: 1000VA/670W SMT1500: 1500VA/1000W SMT2200: 2200VA/1980W 3. APC Smart-UPS SMX Series: Features: Similar to SMT series but with scalable runtime Extended run internal batteries Models: SMX750: 750VA/600W SMX1000: 1000VA/800W Key Features Across Models: Pure Sine Wave Output: Ensures compatibility with active PFC servers and sensitive electronics. LCD Display: Provides essential UPS status information at a glance. Multiple Output Receptacles: Varies by model, typically includes multiple 5-15R and 5-20R outlets. SmartConnect: Some models offer cloud monitoring capabilities for remote management. Applications: Data Centers: Protects critical servers and networking equipment. Telecommunications: Ensures reliable power for communication systems. Industrial Applications: Supports machinery and equipment during power interruptions. Advantages: Reliable Power Protection: Safeguards against power disturbances and outages. User -Friendly Management: Easy to monitor and manage through LCD displays and software. Versatile Installation Options: Suitable for various environments and configurations. APC UPS systems are designed to provide robust power protection and management solutions for a wide range of applications, ensuring that critical systems remain operational during power disruptions.

The Vertiv 6kVA PowerBank UPS is typically part of Vertiv's On-Line or Line-Interactive power protection solutions that integrate battery backup systems designed to maintain a continuous supply of power in the event of an outage. These UPS systems are ideal for applications where consistent power quality and uptime are critical, such as for medium to large businesses, IT infrastructure, and high-demand environments like data centers. Although "PowerBank" is a brand name or marketing term used by Vertiv for specific models of UPS systems (often focused on extended battery runtimes or integrated external batteries), detailed product specifications and the exact model can vary. Below is a general overview of the Vertiv 6kVA PowerBank UPS based on the series features typically associated with Vertiv's offerings. Key Features and Specifications: 1. Topology: Double Conversion On-Line: Provides the highest level of protection by continuously filtering and conditioning the incoming utility power. It delivers pure sinewave output, making it suitable for sensitive equipment that requires high-quality power. The On-Line topology ensures zero transfer time in case of power failure because the UPS system is always supplying power from the inverter. 2. Power Rating: 6kVA / 6000VA (Provides backup for medium-sized systems or higher power applications like small-to-medium server rooms, network systems, and critical equipment). 3. Output Power: Output Power: 4.8 kW to 5.4 kW (depending on load and configuration) 4. Input and Output Specifications: Input Voltage: 110V - 300V, wide input range for handling fluctuations without switching to battery mode. Output Voltage: 230V ± 2% (standard in most countries) 5. Waveform Type: Pure Sinewave Output: Ensures that the connected equipment receives a smooth and continuous power supply without the distortions found in some lower-quality UPS systems. 6. Battery Configuration: Battery Type: Typically Sealed Lead-Acid (SLA) or Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) batteries. Battery Capacity: Typically, 12V batteries with 18Ah, 24Ah, or higher capacities. The system may include external battery modules (Battery Banks) for extended runtime, making it suitable for larger power demands and longer backup times. External Battery Packs: Some models support additional external battery cabinets, which allow the UPS to run longer during extended outages. This is especially important for environments where power failures may last for an extended period. 7. Charging Time: Typically, the system will fully recharge in around 4-6 hours, depending on battery size and environmental conditions. 8. Backup Time (Runtime): The backup time can range from 20 minutes to several hours, depending on the load. For example, a 50% load (about 3 kVA or 3000W) will generally offer a longer runtime. A full load of 6kVA will typically provide 10-15 minutes of backup time. If the UPS is configured with external battery packs, the runtime can be extended for much longer periods, making it ideal for critical systems that require extended protection during power outages. 9. Cooling System: The UPS is equipped with fan-assisted cooling to ensure efficient heat dissipation and prevent overheating during extended use. 10. Display and Monitoring: LCD Display: Displays real-time information about UPS status, battery health, load capacity, input/output voltages, battery runtime, and other important parameters. Audible Alarms: Alerts for conditions such as low battery, overload, power failure, and system faults. Smart Battery Management: Ensures optimal battery health and extends the lifespan of the UPS. 11. Connectivity and Interfaces: USB/Serial Ports: For communication with a connected computer or server for monitoring and management. SNMP Slots: Some models may offer SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) support for remote monitoring and management via networked devices. Dry Contact Interface: Allows integration with building management or alert systems. Optional Software: Available for automated shutdown in the event of prolonged power outages, and event logging. 12. Form Factor: Tower or Rackmount (depending on the specific model and user preferences). Some models are available in rackmount configurations for server rooms and data centers, while others are more suitable for a tower setup. 13. Additional Features: Overload Protection: Safeguards against exceeding the UPS's rated capacity. Short-Circuit Protection: Provides defense against electrical faults. Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR): Ensures that the UPS compensates for voltage fluctuations (e.g., brownouts or overvoltages) without resorting to battery backup.